The importance of CNC machine tools for precision parts processing
With the rapid development of science and technology and social production, modern mechanical products are becoming more and more complex, and the requirements for the quality and productivity of mechanical products are getting higher and higher. In the aerospace, military and computer industries, parts have high precision, complex shapes, few batches, frequent changes, difficult processing, low production efficiency, high labor intensity, and difficult to guarantee quality.
Precision parts machining process is the most important means to automatically adapt to the above development characteristics; CNC machine tools are the most common precision parts, we can understand their characteristics.
The characteristics of CNC machine tools:
Compared with traditional machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following features.
(1) Highly flexible
Machining parts on CNC machine tools depends mainly on the machining program. It is different from ordinary machine tools. It does not need to be manufactured, many molds and fixtures are replaced, and the machine tool does not need to be re-adjusted frequently. Therefore, CNC machine tools are suitable for occasions where parts are frequently replaced, that is, suitable for single-piece, small-volume production and new product development, thereby shortening the production preparation cycle and saving a lot of process equipment costs.
(2) High processing accuracy
The machining accuracy of CNC machine tools is generally 0.05-0.1MM. The CNC machine tools are controlled in the form of digital signals. Each time a numerical control device outputs a pulse signal, the moving parts of the machine tool move a pulse equivalent (generally 0.001MM), and the machine tool advances. The average error of the backlash and the screw pitch of the transmission chain can be compensated by the numerical control device. Therefore, the positioning accuracy of the numerically controlled machine tool is relatively high.
(3) The processing quality is stable and reliable
Machining the same batch of parts, using the same tool and machining program under the same machining conditions, the tool's path is exactly the same, the parts have good consistency and the quality is stable.
(4) High productivity
CNC machine tools can effectively reduce the machining time and auxiliary time of parts. The range of spindle sound speed and feed rate of CNC machine tools is large, which allows the machine to perform powerful cutting with large cutting amount. CNC machine tools are currently entering the high-speed machining era, and the rapid movement and positioning of moving parts of CNC machine tools and high-speed machining have greatly increased productivity. In addition, it can be used in combination with the tool magazine of the machining center to achieve continuous processing of multiple processes on one machine, reducing the turnaround time between the semi-finished products and increasing productivity.
(5) Improve working conditions
Before the CNC machine tool is adjusted, the program is input and started, and the machine tool can automatically and continuously process until the end of the process. What the operator has to do is only the input of the program, editing, part loading and unloading, tool preparation, observation of the processing state, inspection of the parts, etc., the labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the labor of the machine tool operator tends to be an intellectual work. In addition, machine tools are generally combined, clean and safe.
Precision parts machining process is the most important means to automatically adapt to the above development characteristics; CNC machine tools are the most common precision parts, we can understand their characteristics.
The characteristics of CNC machine tools:
Compared with traditional machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following features.
(1) Highly flexible
Machining parts on CNC machine tools depends mainly on the machining program. It is different from ordinary machine tools. It does not need to be manufactured, many molds and fixtures are replaced, and the machine tool does not need to be re-adjusted frequently. Therefore, CNC machine tools are suitable for occasions where parts are frequently replaced, that is, suitable for single-piece, small-volume production and new product development, thereby shortening the production preparation cycle and saving a lot of process equipment costs.
(2) High processing accuracy
The machining accuracy of CNC machine tools is generally 0.05-0.1MM. The CNC machine tools are controlled in the form of digital signals. Each time a numerical control device outputs a pulse signal, the moving parts of the machine tool move a pulse equivalent (generally 0.001MM), and the machine tool advances. The average error of the backlash and the screw pitch of the transmission chain can be compensated by the numerical control device. Therefore, the positioning accuracy of the numerically controlled machine tool is relatively high.
(3) The processing quality is stable and reliable
Machining the same batch of parts, using the same tool and machining program under the same machining conditions, the tool's path is exactly the same, the parts have good consistency and the quality is stable.
(4) High productivity
CNC machine tools can effectively reduce the machining time and auxiliary time of parts. The range of spindle sound speed and feed rate of CNC machine tools is large, which allows the machine to perform powerful cutting with large cutting amount. CNC machine tools are currently entering the high-speed machining era, and the rapid movement and positioning of moving parts of CNC machine tools and high-speed machining have greatly increased productivity. In addition, it can be used in combination with the tool magazine of the machining center to achieve continuous processing of multiple processes on one machine, reducing the turnaround time between the semi-finished products and increasing productivity.
(5) Improve working conditions
Before the CNC machine tool is adjusted, the program is input and started, and the machine tool can automatically and continuously process until the end of the process. What the operator has to do is only the input of the program, editing, part loading and unloading, tool preparation, observation of the processing state, inspection of the parts, etc., the labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the labor of the machine tool operator tends to be an intellectual work. In addition, machine tools are generally combined, clean and safe.